Imingcele eyinhloko nezinkinga ezivamile zephampu ye-hydraulic

创建于03.26

Imingcele eyinhloko nezinkinga ezivamile zephampu ye-hydraulic

1.6.4 I-cavitation kanye nokusebenza kokumunca kwepompo ye-hydraulic

Njengoba sonke sazi, ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu kuyindlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ubukhulu nesisindo sepompo ye-hydraulic. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezithiyo zejubane eliphezulu yi-cavitation. Ukumelana ne-cavitation yamaphampu ahlukahlukene kuhlolwa ngokusebenza kokumunca.

(1) I-Cavitation iyinkinga evamile. Inani elincane lomoya lincibilika oketshezini olusebenzisa amanzi. Lapho uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lusebenza, ekugelezeni kwe-liquid, lapho ukucindezela (ukucindezela okuphelele) kuphansi kunokucindezela kokuhlukaniswa komoya kwamafutha ekushiseni okuhambisanayo, igesi lizokwehla futhi lenze ama-bubbles, okubizwa ngokuthi i-cavitation phenomenon. Lawa mabhamuza alethwa endaweni yokucindezela okuphezulu ngokugeleza koketshezi. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela okukhulu, ama-bubbles aqhuma ngokushesha, futhi umthamo uyancipha kakhulu futhi ufinyezwe. Amafutha omfutho ophezulu nxazonke agcwalisa ivolumu ngesivinini esikhulu, enze ukushaqeka kwe-hydraulic (owaziwa nangokuthi isando samanzi). Ukucindezela komthelela kungafinyelela amakhulu amaningana e-MPa, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukudlidliza. Uma ingcindezi yomthelela inkulu kunomkhawulo wokunwebeka wezinto ezithinta ukugeleza kwe-liquid, umonakalo wemishini uzokwenzeka endaweni yensimbi. Igesi ene-asidi ingase ihlukaniswe nokugeleza koketshezi, okungase kubangele i-oxidation ngisho nesenzo se-electrochemical, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshise ukulimala kokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi. Kunemigede emincane ebusweni bendawo eyonakele, futhi umonakalo ujule ngamamilimitha ambalwa. Ngemuva kwe-cavitation, i-liquid izoba yi-turbid futhi ihambisane nomsindo, futhi iphule ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Kuhlelo lwe-hydraulic, lapho ingcindezi iphansi kunokucindezela kokuhlukaniswa komoya, i-cavitation ingenzeka. Isibonelo, zonke izinhlobo ze-hydraulic valve throttle, ipayipi elincane lobubanzi, njll. zingase zikhiqize i-cavitation phenomenon, kodwa okuphawuleka kakhulu ipompo ye-hydraulic, okuyinhliziyo yesistimu ye-hydraulic.

I-Cavitation empompini ye-hydraulic yenzeka ngenqubo yokumunca uwoyela, ngoba ingcindezi ephelele ethekwini lokumunca uwoyela kanye negumbi lokudonsa uwoyela lepompo ngokuvamile liphansi kunomfutho womkhathi ongu-1 (0.1MPa). Lapho ukucindezela okuphelele egumbini lokudonsa lepompo le-hydraulic linqoba zonke izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa kokumelana njengezihlungi namapayipi, futhi kwenza ukugeleza kwe-liquid kusheshise ukuze kuhambisane nokunyakaza kwe-squeezer empompini, ukucindezela okusele kuphansi kalula kunokucindezela kokuhlukaniswa komoya, okuholela ku-cavitation. Amabhamuza abe esejiya enqubweni yokukhipha uwoyela endaweni yokucindezela okukhulu, okuholela ku-cavitation.

I-Cavitation ayifinyezi nje impilo yesevisi yepompo ye-hydraulic futhi inciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo, kodwa futhi inemiphumela emibi kuwo wonke uhlelo lwe-hydraulic nezinye izingxenye. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.

(2) Izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-anti cavitation kanye nokusebenza kokumunca kwepompo ye-hydraulic ekukhiqizeni nasekulungiseni iphampu ye-hydraulic, izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-anti cavitation yepompo ye-hydraulic zimi kanje: ukwandisa ubude be-arc suction noma ukuguqula indlela yokungena kawoyela ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa ukumelana nokumunca uwoyela noma ukwenza amandla e-centrifugal asize ukumunca uwoyela; yamukela izinto ezizinzile ngokuqhathaniswa nemishini namakhemikhali (njengethusi nensimbi engagqwali), futhi ithuthukise ukuhwayela kwezingxenye ezingaphezulu Ingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi futhi yandise ubulukhuni bezinye izinto (njenge-carbon steel nensimbi engagqwali).

Ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni kwephampu ye-hydraulic, ukuze kugwenywe i-cavitation yepompo ye-hydraulic, iphampu ye-hydraulic enekhono eliqinile lokuzibamba kufanele ikhethwe ngangokunokwenzeka, bese uzama ukwenza ingcindezi encane yokudonsa (umkhawulo wokucindezela ukumunca) wegumbi lokudonsa uwoyela ube mkhulu kunokucindezela kokuhlukaniswa komoya koketshezi (ingcindezi yokuhlukaniswa komoya ihlobene nohlobo lwe-solu, izinga lokushisa noketshezi). Imiphumela elinganisiwe ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela liphakeme kanye nokuncibilika komoya okwengeziwe, kuyanda ukuncibilika komoya Ukuphakama kwengcindezi yokuhlukanisa. Ingcindezi encane yokumunca kanye namandla okuzincela yizinkomba ezimbili zokusebenza kwephampu ye-hydraulic, ezichazwe kanje.

① Ingcindezi encane yokumunca iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphampu ye-hydraulic ivamise ukumunca uwoyela ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ingcindezi encane evunyelwe ekumunceni ibizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi encane yokudonsa yephampu enamanzi.

② Umthamo wokuzilungiselela wepompo ye-hydraulic ungamunca uwoyela ngokwawo ngosizo lomfutho womoya. Ingcindezi yokudonsa ephansi kakhulu (umfutho ophelele) wepompo ezizibambayo kufanele ibe ngaphansi komfutho womoya. Umthamo wokuzilungiselela ngokuvamile uvezwa nge-vacuum degree (umehluko phakathi kwengcindezi yomoya kanye nokucindezela okuphelele). Lapho i-vacuum degree iphezulu, amandla okuzi-priming wephampu ye-hydraulic iba namandla.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwephampu ye-hydraulic, i-vacuum degree ye-oil suction port yepompo ye-hydraulic akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, ingcindezi ephelele ye-P2 yembobo yokudonsa uwoyela yepompo akufanele ibe phansi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho lapho ukucindezela okuphelele kuphansi kunokucindezela kokuhlukaniswa komoya kwe-PG kawoyela, uwoyela ozoncibilika ku-capitatation oholela emoyeni uzohlakazeka ku-previpitate. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhawulela idigri ye-vacuum yembobo yokudonsa yephampu ye-hydraulic noma ukhuphule ingcindezi yembobo yokudonsa. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukubona ukuthi izinyathelo zokunciphisa i-vacuum degree yembobo yokudonsa uwoyela noma ukwandisa ingcindezi yembobo yokudonsa uwoyela wephampu ye-hydraulic akufanele nje ikhulise ububanzi bepayipi lokumunca uwoyela, ifinyeze ubude bepayipi lokudonsa uwoyela futhi inciphise ukumelana kwendawo ukuze kuncishiswe (ρ v2g2) / 2 kanye △ P, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ukuphakama kwe-hydraulic hydraulic pump. Ukuphakama kokumunca uwoyela kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaphampu asebenzisa amanzi kuhlukile, ngokuvamile kuthatha i-HS ≤ 0.5m. Uma ipompo ye-hydraulic ifakwe ngaphansi kwezinga le-liquid lethangi likawoyela ukwenza ukugeleza kwe-backflow (lapho i-HS inegethivu), kunenzuzo kakhulu ukunciphisa i-vacuum degree yembobo yokudonsa uwoyela wepompo ye-hydraulic.

Kungaphethwa kusukela kulesi sibonelo esingenhla ukuthi ngaphansi kwesimo sejubane elithile lepompo le-hydraulic, ukuze ugweme i-cavitation, ukucindezela okuphelele echwebeni lokudonsa lepompo le-hydraulic kufanele kwandiswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinyathelo eziqondile zingathathwa kulezi zici ezilandelayo.

① Khulisa ububanzi bepayipi lokumunca lephampu ukuze unciphise isivinini sokugeleza koketshezi.

② Zama ukufinyeza ubude phakathi kwepompo ye-hydraulic kanye neleveli yoketshezi yethangi likawoyela.

③ Isihlungi esikhulu somthamo sisetshenziswa ekugcineni kwepayipi lokumunca uwoyela, futhi iphampu ye-hydraulic icwiliswa emafutheni ethangi likawoyela (Fig. n) ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokumelana.

④ Iphampu egeleza kakhulu ithatha ithangi likawoyela eliphakeme, okungukuthi, ithangi likawoyela lifakwe ngaphezu kwephampu ye-hydraulic (Figure o), okwenza ukugeleza emuva.

⑤ Iphampu elisizayo isethelwe ukuletha uwoyela ngomfutho othile echwebeni lokumunca lephampu ye-hydraulic eyinhloko. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic oluboniswe ku-Figure P, i-axiliary pump 1 inikeza uwoyela ocindezelayo ekudonseni amaphampu amakhulu we-hydraulic 2 no-3 (kokubili okuqhutshwa yi-hydraulic motor 4 efanayo), futhi ukucindezela kokudonsa kusethwe yi-valve yokusiza 5. Ukucindezela okukhulu kokukhishwa kwepompo 2 kanye nepompo 3 kusethwe yi-valve yokusiza i-7 ngokulinganayo.

⑥ Kusetshenziswa ithangi likawoyela elicindezelweyo, okungukuthi, ithangi likawoyela livaliwe bese kufakwa umoya womfutho ophansi ethangini likawoyela. Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure Q, ukwakheka kanye nomgomo we-tank kawoyela ocindezelweyo: i-hydraulic pump 2 imunca amafutha ethangini likawoyela elivalwe ngokuphelele 9, futhi ithangi lamafutha ligcwele umoya ohlungiwe futhi owomile. Ingcindezi yokushaja (iphakeme kancane kunomfutho womoya) isethwe i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi engu-5, evame ukuba ngu-0.05 ~ 0.07MPa. Ukuze uvimbele ukucindezela okungalungile, i-valve yokuphepha yokucindezela komoya engu-4, igeji yokucindezela kokuxhumana kagesi 3 kanye ne-alamu kusethiwe. Njengoba ukwandisa umfutho wethangi likaphethiloli kwandisa okuqukethwe komoya kuwoyela, ithangi likaphethiloli elicindezelwe lisetshenziselwa izikhathi ezikhethekile kuphela (njengesistimu ye-hydraulic yezindiza ezithwala abantu, njll.).

⑦ Ngepompo esetshenziswa ezikhathini zokushisa okuphansi, izinyathelo zokushisa kufanele zithathwe emafutheni ethangi likawoyela ukuze kugwenywe i-cavitation ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kawoyela kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza kokudonsa kwepompo ye-hydraulic kuhlobene kuphela nesakhiwo sepompo ngokwayo. Iphaseji ye-inlet yephampu yegiya kanye nepompo yesikulufu ishelela kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kokumunca kungcono. Ukusebenza kokumuncwa kwepompo ye-vane kanye nephampu ye-plunger kubi ngenxa yokumelana nomshini wokusabalalisa amavalvu e-inlet. Ukumelana nokugeleza kwe-valve yokungena yiyona enkulu kakhulu futhi ukusebenza kokumunca kubi kakhulu.

Shiya imininingwane yakho futhi
sizokuthinta.

Phone

WeChat